硅胶键合乙醇胺和二乙醇胺对Cu^2＋的吸附性能研究

研究了硅胶负载乙醇胺（SiO2-MEA）和二乙醇胺（SiO2-DEA）螯合吸附剂对Cu^2＋的静态饱和吸附量、吸附动力学、吸附热力学、动态吸附以及pH值对其吸附能力的影响．结果表明,SiO2-MEA和SiO2-DEA对Cu^2＋的静态饱和吸附量分别为0．2086,0．3082mmol／g;动力学和动态吸附过程符合Boyd方程,即为液膜扩散控制;热力学吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,即为单分子层吸附．     

Y型聚丙烯纤维/硅灰对混凝土强度性能的影响

用Y型聚丙烯纤维和硅灰增强水泥混凝土,研究不同掺量条件下,对混凝土抗压性能的影响,并分析聚丙烯纤维以及硅灰在阻裂增强方面的作用机理.研究表明,加入聚丙烯纤维可使混凝土的抗裂、抗收缩性能提高,但会使混凝土中的孔隙率增大,使抗压强度有一定程度的降低;加入硅灰后,水泥石的密实性提高,抗压强度增大.     

Efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in the edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis

An efficient transformation method mediated by PEG-protoplasts was developed for the newly commercial edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis. Two plasmids were used to co-transform protoplasts of P. nebrodensis. One plasmid is pAN7-1 containing a positive selectable marker gene hph conferring hygromycin B resistance. Another plasmid is pBlue-GFP containing a reporter gene gfp conferring green fluorescent protein. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that hph gene or/and gfp gene were integrated into the genome of P. nebrodensis transformants. The transformation efficiency of the positive selectable marker gene hph was 3 transformants per microgram of plasmid pAN7-1 DNA, which was about 30 times higher than that previously reported in thoroughly studied Pleurotus species such as Pleurotus ostreatus. The transformation efficiency of the reporter gene gfp was 9 transformants per microgram of plasmid pBlu-GFP DNA. The co-transformation efficiency was 23.68%. This is the first report that a ＂reporter＂ gene, green fluorescent protein gene can be successfully stably exoressed in this Pleurotus species.     

Optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of ion exchanged silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subse-quently annealing method. Z-scan technique, femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） technique and femtosecond pump-probe experiment were used to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration as well as annealing temperature on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. It was found that the third-order susceptibility of Ag nanoparticles composite glass measured by 400 nm pulse source is larger than that measured by 800 nm pulse source due to an enhancement effect of local field near surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass. The third-order optical nonlinearity measured by ns laser source is about two orders of magnitude larger than that measured from fs pulse. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 10^-l0 esu and fast relaxation process up to 0.2 ps have been obtained in Ag nanoparticles doped glass.     

液相激光烧蚀合成TiO2纳米颗粒及其XPS研究

采用液相激光烧蚀法制备了二氧化钛纳米颗粒,研究了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的生长与微结构．XRD、TEM、XPS等表征表明：此方法可在室温条件下一步获得金红石型二氧化钛纳米颗粒胶体,颗粒直径约50nm,尺寸分布窄,分散性好,从而显示出良好的应用前景．结合微观表征与激光诱导的瞬态等离子体分析对TiO2纳米颗粒形成机理进行了探讨．     

表面活性剂对水溶性荧光聚合物PPESO_3荧光性质的影响

研究几种不同类型的表面活性剂对所合成的新型水溶性荧光聚合物PPESO3(聚[5,3-二(3-磺酰化丙氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙烯])的作用. 结果表明, 阴离子表面活性剂SDS可使PPESO3荧光发生猝灭; 中性表面活性剂使得聚合物的荧光显著增强; 阳离子表面活性剂一般情况下也会使聚合物荧光增强. 利用表面活性剂对荧光聚合物的荧光增强作用可使这类聚合物成为一种新型的具有高灵敏性的荧光化学传感器.     

电化学法制备纳米铜粉

在十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温80、苯、正丁醇、十二烷基硫醇和硫酸铜混合而成的乳液中,采用电化学合成的方法制备稳定的、粒径均匀的Cu纳米颗粒.采用XRD、TEM及FT-IR对所制备的Cu纳米颗粒的结构、形貌、粒径大小及表面键合性质进行表征.结果表明,制备的纳米铜粉为球型颗粒,分散较好,尺寸较为均匀,约为60~80 nm,并且具有立方晶型结构;得到的纳米铜颗粒表面含有一层有机物质,形成了包覆层较薄的核壳结构,这种包覆层阻止了纳米铜粉在空气中或水中的团聚和氧化,起到提高纳米铜颗粒的分散性和稳定性的作用.     

离子辐照形成空心银纳米颗粒

离子辐照是控制金属纳米颗粒分布和结构的有效方法。将能量为200 keV、剂量为5×10^16ions/cm2的Ag＋注入到非晶SiO2中,形成Ag纳米颗粒层,再用能量为200和500 ke V的Ar＋辐照Ag纳米颗粒。Ar＋辐照后,在部分较大的Ag纳米颗粒中出现空洞,空洞的平均尺寸随着Ar＋辐照剂量的增加而变大。辐照前,Ag纳米颗粒在非晶SiO2中沿纵向呈近似高斯分布;辐照后,投影射程附近的较大的Ag纳米颗粒平均尺寸变大,而投影射程下面的小颗粒逐渐消失。结合Trim程序模拟分析结果可知,Ar＋辐照时的核能量损失和电子能量损失是影响Ag纳米颗粒尺寸分布和结构的重要因素。     

低照度岩心荧光图像拼接技术

针对低照度岩心荧光图像拼接问题,通过相位相关法,利用频域中的相位信息来实现图像的拼接.对有位移、旋转、缩放,以及光照变化的图像用对数极坐标相位相关法进行图像配准.实验表明该方法能够有效地克服图像间光照变化和CCD镜头造成的几何畸变对拼接的影响,是一种有效的岩心荧光图像拼接方法.     

介孔氧化硅负载纳米硫化镉光催化剂制备及其可见光氧化性能

在巯基预修饰的介孔氧化硅球孔道中原位生长纳米硫化镉(CdS)晶体,得到了介孔氧化硅负载的纳米硫化镉,并对其进行了表征.X射线粉末衍射图谱表明,得到的纳米硫化镉为六方晶相,其粒径被控制在2.6nm,在量子区域,与介孔氧化硅球最可几孔径大小一致.通过可见光下光催化降解有机染料和酚的实验,对介孔氧化硅负载的纳米硫化镉的光催化性能进行了研究.与体相硫化镉材料进行比较的结果表明,纳米硫化镉体现出了更高的光催化活性,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱表明,其高活性与其量子尺寸有关.